Leopold's Angelfish - Pterophyllum leopoldi : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
Leopold's Angelfish (Pterophyllum leopoldi) represents a captivating and distinctive species highly regarded in the realm of ornamental fishkeeping. These elegant Angelfish are recognized for their unique "head-up" swimming posture. Leopold's Angelfish, known for their sensitivity and exacting care requirements, is generally not recommended for aquarists who are new to the hobby.
In larger aquariums, the communal upkeep of Leopold's Angelfish in substantial groups not only enhances their sense of security but also engenders a more authentic and visually appealing shoaling behaviour. It is advisable to select tankmates of comparable size that exhibit a peaceful disposition. Suitable companions may encompass medium-sized, deep-bodied characins, other congenial South American Cichlid species, and Corydoras Catfish, among others. It is noteworthy that when a pair of these Angelfish forms, territorial behaviour can manifest during breeding. However, this is typically manageable within spacious aquariums that provide ample room for territorial boundaries to be established without causing undue disruptions.
Despite its relatively smaller size compared to its congeners, providing a taller-than-average aquarium is essential for Leopold's Angelfish, given its adult height and the presence of elongated trailing finnage. To cater to their specific needs, it is imperative to maintain water conditions characterized by softness, acidity, and minimal hardness. The substrate should possess a soft and smooth texture, safeguarding the delicate finnage as the fish navigate the lower areas of the tank.
Ensuring ample coverage of aquatic flora and incorporating tall driftwood pieces are crucial for creating a secure environment. Effective filtration is vital, coupled with gentle water movement, and regular, modest-sized water changes are highly recommended to maintain low nitrate levels, as these fish exhibit heightened sensitivity to elevated nitrates.
Leopold's Angelfish is distinguishable within its genus by its body adorned with as many as 11 vertical stripes, with typically only the three most prominent and bold stripes being readily discernible. This species further exhibits a distinct dark patch situated over the operculum. In mature individuals, a notable feature is the presence of a red or maroon hue spanning both the dorsal and pectoral fins, a characteristic that has led some to consider it one of the most visually captivating forms of Angelfish found in its natural habitat.
Leopold's Angelfish Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Determining the sexual dimorphism of Leopold's Angelfish presents a challenge until they initiate their reproductive phase. During this pivotal period, distinct identifying traits come to the fore. Specifically, mature males manifest a smaller, curved, and acutely pointed breeding tube, frequently accompanied by the development of a subtle nuchal hump. These distinguishing features become increasingly conspicuous as the Angelfish transition into their breeding behaviour, facilitating the differentiation between the sexes.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Pterophyllum leopoldi |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1963 |
| Other Names | Teardrop Angelfish, Dwarf Angelfish, Roman-nosed Angelfish |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Cichliformes |
| Family | Cichlidae |
| Genus | Pterophyllum |
| Origins | Brazil , Guyana |
| Max Size | 10 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | All Levels |
| Difficulty | Intermediate - Advanced |
| Shoaling | Yes |
| Best kept as | Groups 5+ |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg Depositor |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 10 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 5.0 - 7.0 |
| GH | 0 - 5 |
| TDS | 0 - 108 |
| ℉ | 71 - 84 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 22 - 29 |
Natural Habitat
Leopold's Angelfish are indigenous to the Amazon River Basin, specifically found along the Solimões River between Manacapuru and Santarém in Brazil, as well as within the Rupununi River, situated within the Essequibo River drainage region in Guyana. Their natural habitat predominantly encompasses the languid sections of rivers, where they coexist among submerged root systems and marginal aquatic vegetation. This Angelfish can thrive in environments featuring both clear and tannin-stained water; however, it's important to note that the pH levels in these habitats consistently remain below 7.
Breeding
Breeding Leopold's Angelfish in a home aquarium is a relatively rare and intricate undertaking. Successful reproduction demands specific environmental conditions, especially very soft and acidic water. Additionally, the aquarium should be thoughtfully furnished with suitable spawning sites, including broad-leaved aquatic plants and vertically placed slate pieces along the back glass.
Distinguishing signs of readiness for spawning include the emergence of breeding tubes located between the ventral and anal fins in both fish. Once the egg-laying and fertilization process commences, it is imperative not to disrupt the aquarium environment. Typically, a brood size of approximately 70 eggs is anticipated.
The parental role of tending to the eggs involves vigilant fanning with their pectoral fins. Subsequently, within 2-3 days, the eggs hatch into "wrigglers," followed by an additional 4-5 days before they become free-swimming, at which point they can be offered a diet of baby brine shrimp. However, the breeding process may present challenges, including the propensity for the adult pair to consume their eggs. In cases of recurrent egg consumption, separating the parents from the spawn may become necessary to achieve successful reproduction.
Diet & Feeding
The dietary preferences of Leopold's Angelfish align closely with their natural habitat within the Amazon River Basin. In a home aquarium setting, these exquisite Angelfish thrive on a diet primarily consisting of live and frozen foods such as brine shrimp, Daphnia, and small aquatic insects, which closely replicate their indigenous prey. Incorporating high-quality fish pellets and flakes formulated for carnivorous species ensures a balanced nutritional intake.
Periodic supplementation with small live or frozen fish, krill, and other protein-rich offerings contributes to a diverse and well-rounded diet. Thoughtful dietary provision is paramount in sustaining the health, vibrancy, and vitality of Leopold's Angelfish in captivity, echoing their dietary preferences in the wild.
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