Severum Cichlid-Heros severus - Heros severus : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
These Severum Cichlids (Heros severus) are less commonly found in the aquarium trade but are renowned for their alluring appearance, serene demeanour, and active nature. As they mature, their visual appeal intensifies, making them an aesthetically pleasing choice for home aquariums. With proper care, these captivating fish can enjoy a long lifespan, adding to their popularity as aquarium inhabitants.
Careful consideration is crucial when selecting tank mates for Severum Cichlids. It is best to avoid large, aggressive fish that might pose a threat. Similarly, significantly smaller fish and small invertebrates should be avoided, as they may become prey for the Severums. However, compatible tank mates can be found, as Severum Cichlids are generally not overly aggressive, particularly outside of the spawning period. Suitable companions include Silver Dollars, Angelfish, Oscars, Blood Parrot Cichlids, Hoplo Catfish, Gouramis, and Black Skirt Tetras.
Severum Cichlids are known for their hardiness, capable of adapting to challenging conditions that might prove detrimental to other fish species. Nevertheless, maintaining a proper tank setup and regular maintenance is essential for optimal health and disease prevention.
When setting up a Severum Cichlid tank, it is essential to consider the tank size. A minimum of a 200-litre aquarium is recommended, though a larger tank would be more favourable, especially when keeping multiple fish to prevent territorial disputes during mating seasons. A smooth sand substrate is ideal, as these Cichlids enjoy digging. Additionally, they prefer low-light environments, mimicking their natural shaded habitats.
Severum Cichlids exhibit laterally compressed oval-shaped bodies with distinct bands along the sides. While the stripes are more pronounced in juveniles, they tend to fade as the fish matures. The Heros Severus species encompasses several varieties, including golden, gold-green, yellow-gold, and banded types, each presenting unique colourations and patterns.
Severum Cichlid-Heros severus Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Distinguishing between male and female Severum Cichlids is a straightforward process. Female specimens can be identified by the presence of a distinct dark spot on their dorsal fin, which is not observed in male Severums. Conversely, male Severums exhibit several distinguishing features, including a nuchal hump on their dorsal fins, more pointed fins compared to females, and generally larger body size with pronounced gill structures. These sexual dimorphisms serve as reliable indicators for determining the gender of these fish.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Heros severus |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 2015 |
| Other Names | Banded Cichlid |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Cichliformes |
| Family | Cichlidae |
| Genus | Heros |
| Origins | Brazil , Peru , Colombia |
| Max Size | 20 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | Middle |
| Difficulty | Intermediate |
| Shoaling | NA |
| Best kept as | Pairs |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg Depositor |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 10 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 6.0 - 7.5 |
| GH | 4 - 15 |
| ℉ | 75 - 84 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 24 - 29 |
Natural Habitat
Severum Cichlids are native to the rivers and streams of South America, specifically found in the Amazon, Negro, and Orinoco River Basins and its tributaries in countries like Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. Within these regions, they inhabit deep, slow-moving waters with dense vegetation and submerged tree roots.
Severum Cichlids are commonly encountered in flooded areas during the rainy season, where they take advantage of abundant food and shelter. Their natural habitat includes both clear and turbid waters with temperatures ranging from 75 to 84°F (24 to 29°C). The water pH typically falls within the slightly acidic to neutral range, around 6.0 to 7.5, and water hardness can vary from soft to moderately hard.
Breeding
To initiate the breeding of Severum Cichlids, the formation of a breeding pair is essential. An effective approach involves obtaining a group of juveniles and allowing them to pair up naturally.
Once a breeding pair is established, promoting breeding behaviour involves isolating the couple for approximately two weeks. Placing the pair in a single tank with a divider allows visual contact while preventing physical interaction. During this isolation phase, conditioning the breeding pair with a high-protein diet is advisable. After two weeks, the divider can be removed to facilitate spawning.
Creating a breeding environment with slightly softer and more acidic waters encourages breeding behaviour. Elevating the water temperature to approximately 85 degrees Fahrenheit further supports successful breeding.
Severum Cichlids are substrate-spawning species, and breeding occurs on a flat surface. Both parents actively protect their eggs and fry. The Severum prepares a spot, such as a cleaned rock or flat surface in the tank, where the eggs will be laid. Preceding the spawning event, typical cichlid pairing behaviours such as lip-locking and tail-slapping are observed. At this point, the eggs can either be carefully removed and transferred to a hatchery or left under the parents' care.
Suitable fry foods such as brine shrimp, microworms, and finely ground flake food should be provided to ensure successful development. It is essential to note that young Severum parents may experience challenges in raising the fry, including potential failure to protect or accidental consumption. However, such behaviour is normal, and perseverance is key.
Regarding maturity, juvenile Severum Cichlids may not reach breeding capability until they are approximately two years old, while males may take up to three years to display their full vibrant colours.
Diet & Feeding
Severum Cichlids are omnivorous fish with a versatile diet. In their natural habitat, they consume various foods, such as insects, crustaceans, small fish, algae, and plant matter. In aquarium settings, it is essential to replicate their natural diet to ensure their overall health and well-being.
Providing a balanced diet is achieved by offering high-quality commercial Cichlid pellets or flakes as the primary food source. Additionally, supplementing their diet with live or frozen foods like brine shrimp, bloodworms, and daphnia can provide essential nutrients and cater to their omnivorous tendencies. Incorporating spirulina-based foods or blanched vegetables like zucchini and spinach is recommended for plant-based nutrition.
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