Molecular evidence for the paraphyly of Pseudancistrus sensu lato (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), with revalidation of several genera/ Evidences moleculaires de la paraphylie de Pseudancistrus sensu lato (Siluriformes, Loricariidae), avec revalidation de plusieurs genres

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Date: Mar. 2012
From: Cybium, International Journal of Ichthyology(Vol. 36, Issue 1)
Publisher: Societe Francaise d'Ichtyologie
Document Type: Report
Length: 7,014 words
Lexile Measure: 1460L

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Abstract :

The genus Pseudancistrus is widely distributed in rocky, fast-flowing habitats of rivers draining all sides of the Guiana Shield and the northern slope of the Brazilian Shield. Initially diagnosed as having an "interoperculum" weakly evertible and lacking elongate odontodes, the definition of Pseudancistrus was subsequently expanded to include species with long, evertible cheek odontodes. Within Pseudancistrus sensu lato were included the already available genera Guyanancistrus and Lithoxancistrus. To evaluate the relevance of such a grouping, and particularly the morphology-based hypotheses of Armbruster (2004a, 2008), we reconstructed a phylogeny using mitochondrial and nuclear data and samples from 13 species currently included in Pseudancistrus sensu lato. All phylogenetic reconstructions recovered Pseudancistrus sensu lato as a paraphyletic assemblage of five unrelated lineages, and most of the alternative hypotheses evaluating monophyly of the genus were significantly rejected. Two of the recovered lineages were consistent with the genera Guyanancistrus and Lithoxancistrus, which are accordingly revalidated. A fourth lineage consisted of Pseudancistrus pectegenitor and P. sidereus, which may represent an undescribed genus. However their placement within Lithoxancistrus cannot be excluded. The fifth lineage consisted only of P. genisetiger, which was recovered as sister to Hemipsilichthys gobio and may represent an undescribed genus within the Delturinae. Le genre Pseudancistrus est largement distribue dans les habitats rocheux et a eaux vives des rivieres drainant l'ensemble du bouclier guyanais et le versant nord du bouclier bresilien. Initialement defini par un "interoperculum" pouvant etre faiblement erige et ne portant pas de longs odontodes, la definition de Pseudancistrus a par la suite ete etendue afin d'y inclure des especes aux odontodes jugaux longs et pouvant etre eriges. Les genres Guyanancistrus et Lithoxancistrus ont ainsi ete mis en synonymie de Pseudancistrus. Afin d'evaluer la pertinence de tels regroupements, et en particulier les hypotheses morphologiques proposees par Armbruster (2004a, 2008), nous avons reconstruit une phylogenie utilisant des donnees mitochondriales et nucleaires et incluant un echantillon de 13 especes actuellement placees dans Pseudancistrus sensu lato. Toutes les reconstructions phylogenetiques retrouvent Pseudancistrus sensu lato en tant que groupe paraphyletique forme de cinq lignees distinctes, et la plupart des hypotheses alternatives evaluant la monophylie du genre ont ete significativement rejetees. Deux des lignees retrouvees sont congruentes avec les genres Guyanancistrus et Lithoxancistrus qui sont en consequence revalides. Une quatrieme lignee comprend les especes Pseudancistruspectegenitor et P. sidereus qui pourraient constituer un nouveau genre. Neanmoins, leur placement au sein de Lithoxancistrus ne peut pas etre ecarte. La cinquieme lignee comprend uniquement P. genisetiger retrouve en position soeur d' Hemipsilichthys gobio et qui pourrait former un nouveau genre au sein des Delturinae. Key words.--Molecular phylogeny--Mitochondrial and nuclear genes--Topological tests--Guyanancistrus--Lithoxancistrus --Guianas.
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Gale Document Number: GALE|A300979609