Cultivation of KODO MILLET . made by Ghanshyam pptx
The Flora of Southern Illinois - Lecture 1
1. The Flora of Southern Illinois
PLB 451
Instructor: Christopher David Benda
2. CHRISTOPHER DAVID BENDA, M.S.
President
Illinois Native Plant Society,
SouthernInstructor, Flora of Southern Illinois
Southern Illinois University
Instructor
The Morton Arboretum
Technical Expert Consultant
Illinois Endangered Species
Protection Board
Plant Ecologist
Illinois Natural History Survey
Instructor – Master Naturalist
Illinois Environmental Council
25. Stalk of an inflorescence
Stalk of a solitary flower
Orbexilum pedunculatum Ruellia pedunculatum
26. Basic Flower Anatomy
• The male part is termed the Stamen, which consists of the anther
and filament.
• The female part is the Carpel, which consists of the stigma, style
and ovary.
28. Complete Flowers
• Flowers containing BOTH male (stamen)
and female (carpel)
sexual parts.
• Automatically
monoecious
29. Incomplete Flowers
• Flowers containing the reproductive parts
of only one sex.
• These incomplete flowers may be on the
same plant (monoecious),
• or on separate plants (dioecious)
Sparganium eurycarpum Thalictrum dioicum
34. Coefficient of Conservatism
The native species most successful in badly
damaged habitats were given C values of 0.
At the other end of the spectrum, species
virtually restricted to natural areas in Illinois
received C values of 10.
(Taft et al. 1997)
Further reading
http://www.conservationresearchinstitute.org/assets/illinoisfqa.pdf
http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/Home/S1029%20Mortellaro%20mo
nograph.pdf
36. Binomial Nomenclature
“The beginning of wisdom is to call
things by their rightful names.”
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Animalia
Cordata
Reptilia
Testudines
Emydidae
Emydoidea
E. blandingii
37. Latin Pronunciation
Pronounce every letter except diphthongs
Echinacea, Tradescantia, Opuntia, Ambrosia
“ch” is a “k” sound
Polystichum, Heuchera, Aristolochia
If a word has two syllables, the accent always goes with the next to the last (called the penult);
e.g., Àcer.
If a word has three or more syllables, the accent always goes either with the next to the last
(penult) or the third from the last (called the antepenult).
Synandra hispidula, Onoclea sensibilis, Liriodendron tulipifera
phyllum – rhizophyllum, Podophyllum, triphyllum
ae Pellaea, Arisaema, Chamaecrista
au Daucus carota
Eu Teucrium, Leucanthemum
Oe (phoebe), Platanthera peramoena, Ipomoea
Ui Equisetum
“oi” is not a diphthong!
Pleopeltis polypodioides
Pronounce when ending with “e”
Silene, canadense, sessile, hyemale
Latinized last names (one or two i’s)
Dodecatheon frenchii, Emydoidea blandingii
Most trees have been feminized!
Quercus rubra, Fagus grandifolia, Ulmus americana
74. • plants that don’t produce a protective fruit
around the seed.
• all the conifers - pines, cedar, tamarack,
yew, and cypress.
Gymnosperms (“naked seed”)
Pinus echinata Taxodium distichum
Larix laricina
76. • flowering plants where the seed is encased
in a protective fruit.
• This is the dominant group of plants on
Earth today.
Angiosperms (“hidden seeds”)
199. Sedges vs. Rushes vs. Grasses
Sedges (Cyperaceae) have one bract
subtending each flower, tristichous leaves
(though some are round)
Grasses (Poaceae) have two bracts
subtending each flower (palea and
lemma), distichous leaves, hollow stem
Rushes (Juncaceae) have six petals/sepals
(called tepals) that subtend a capsule,
leaves reduced or absent, pithy stem
247. Exams
•One 100 point exam each week
•25 questions relating to information presented
in class (50 pts)
•25 plant identification questions (50 pts)
– You can use your notes
– Scientific names only and must be spelled correctly!
•You cannot make up field portion of exam if you
miss class, but you may earn up to 50 pts for the
written exam.
248. Final Exams
•300 points exam
•50 questions relating to information presented
in class (100 pts)
•100 plant identification questions (200 pts)
– Scientific names only and must be spelled correctly!
– You can use your field notebook
249. Field Notebook for Each Class
•Date
•Site
•County
•Ownership
•Natural Division
•Natural Community Type(s)
250. Field Notebook for Each Plant
•Plant name (scientific and common)
•Plant family
•Synonyms
•Meaning of scientific name
•Monoecious or dioecious
•Imperfect vs. perfect flowers
•General group (grass, forb, fern, tree)
•Leaf arrangement, type, and margin
•Flower color
•CC value (native vs. non-native)
•Habitat
•How to ID (terminology)
•Other species in same genus/similar species
•Plant humor/folklore/uses/medicinal/edible
251. •Quercus alba
•White Oak
•Fagaceae (Beech family)
•None
•Quercus = latin for oak, alba = latin for white
•Monoecious
•Imperfect flowers
•Woody plant, tree
•Alternate, simple, lobed
•Brown
•C value = 5, native
•Upland forests
•White oak group without bristle tips, leaves with rounded
lobes and no hairs, light colored bark
•Illinois state tree, produces acorns after one year, important
oak to Native Americans.