Plant and fish guide for Sydney pools

The best time to add fish during your pool to pond conversion is when you discover wrigglers in your pond. If the water can support wrigglers, it can also support plants and fish. Start with plants, and then add fish later. The plants will help to further clear the water and the fish will feed on the wrigglers.

Fish

Australian Bass (Macquaria novemaculeata)
Size: Large up to 60cm
Appearance: Attractive, often bronze-coloured fish.
Tadpole-friendly: No. Indigenous to Sydney, Bass are one of Australia’s most popular sporting fish but will not breed in a pond.

Crimson-Spotted Rainbow (Melanotaeria duboulayi)
Size: 9-13cm
Appearance: Silvery blue-grey with luminous rainbow colouring on tail.
Tadpole-friendly: No. Most Rainbow fish species are suitable for ponds and are prolific breeders.

Firetail Gudgeon (Hypseleotris galii)
Size: 4-5cm
Appearance: Small, grey to bronze with faint stripe along body and reddish tail.
Tadpole-friendly: Yes. All Gudgeon species are suitable for ponds. Firetails are indigenous to Sydney and are prolific breeders.

Pacific Blue Eyes (Pseudomugil signifer
Size: 5-8cm
Appearance: Attractive aquarium fish with brilliant blue eyes.
Tadpole-friendly: Yes. Indigenous to Sydney. Some populations will not survive winter.

Purple-Spotted Gudgeon (Mogurnda adspersa
Size: 10+cm
Appearance: Attractive and popular aquarium fish.
Tadpole-friendly: No. Hardy and aggressive predator, will breed in a pond.

Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Size: Large up to 40cm
Appearance: Grey to grey-brown with lighter belly. Small head and mouth.
Tadpole-friendly: No. Omnivorous, suitable for eating but will not breed in a pond.

Fish/invertebrates to avoid

Yabbies, White Cloud Mountain Minnows.
Particularly avoid Gambusia (mosquito fish) as these also feed on other native fish.

Plants

Common-spike rush (Eleocharis acuta)
Depth: Zone 3
A perennial with unbranched stems and leaves like sheaths, up to 60cm tall. Several small flowers per spikelet (up to 4cm long) at top of stem. Excellent habitat plant.

Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum crispatum/papillosum/varifolium)
Depth: Zone 3-4
A very attractive plant with green pinelike leaves which trail across the water surface. Good oxygenating plant and ideal for protection and spawning of fish. Will grow in semi-shade to full sun.
Excellent habitat plant.

Entire Marshwort (Nymphoides germinata)
Depth: Zone 4-5
Hardy perennial. This plant will conjure up images of Monet with water lily shaped leaves and very attractive fringed, star-shaped yellow flowers extending above water.

Grey Rush (Lepironia articulata)
Depth: Zone 3
Long, round grey stems up to 2m tall. Height and grey colour makes it stand out from other freshwater plants. Excellent habitat plant.

Jointed Twigrush (Baumea articulata)
Depth: Zone 4
Dark green rush to 1.5m. Robust, large clumps with round flower stalks from creeping rhizomes. Soft, tubular green leaves. Excellent habitat plant.

Nardoo (Marsilea mutica)
Depth: Zone 4
4-leaf clover-like fronds, up to 10cm, on soft/limp runners/stems to 1 metre long. This plant was partially responsible for the death of Burke and Wills, explorers who ate the plant.

Ribbon Grass (Vallisneria spiralis)
Depth: Zone 2-3
Long green tape-like leaves up to 1cm wide. Tiny white flowers on a coiled stem. This is a popular aquarium plant.

Swamp Lily (Ottelia ovalifolia)
Depth: Zone 4-5
This perennial or annual water lily has very attractive small flowers with a 5cm diameter. Definitely an underused aquatic classic.

Water Chestnuts (Eleocharis dulcis)
Depth: Zone 5 EDIBLE
Perennial grass-like sedge with tube-shaped, leafless green stems 1-1.5m. This plant is a must for the permaculture pond with edible corms that can be eaten raw, boiled, grilled or pickled.

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
Depth: Zone 2 EDIBLE
Fast-growing perennial with dark bronze green foliage and creeping clusters of small white flowers. This edible plant contains significant amounts of minerals and vitamins.

Water fern (Azolla pinnata)
Depth: Zone 1
Small fern up to 2.5cm with overlapping leaves 1-2mm long. Blue-green or dark red, it is coated in tiny, water-repellent hairs with velvety appearance. This plant has weed potential but makes excellent compost.

Woolly Frogsmouth (Philydrum lanuginosum)
Depth: Zone 2-3
Evergreen soft-wooded perennial with yellow flowers. Leaves are narrow and flushed red. Excellent habitat plant.

Yellow Bladderwort (Utricularia gibbia ssp. exoleta)
Depth: Zone 1
Yellow flowers on erect stems up to 20cm tall. This is a carnivorous plant that can still be found on the Lane Cove river and traps and digests small aquatic creatures.

Prohibited Weeds

Some pond plants have been declared as weeds and must be controlled under the Noxious Weeds Act 1993. 

Weeds controlled in NSW are: Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides), Cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana), Hygrophila (Hygrophila costata), Hymenachne (Hymenachne amplexicaulis), Leafy elodea (Egeria densa), Sagittaria (Sagittaria platyphylla), Salvinia (Salvinia molesta), Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes).

Full list of prohibited weeds under Pest and weeds management.

Tips

  • Obtain your pond plants from reputable and/or accredited nurseries and sellers. If you source plants from friends, have them checked for suitability as well for the presence of pest species of disease as this can easily be spread by sharing plants.
  • Young children should wear flotation jackets and always be well supervised.

Where to purchase plants?

Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Gardens Nursery
420 Mona Vale Road, St Ives
Open 7 days.

View current plant catalogue (pdf. 130KB)

9424 0353
kwg@krg.nsw.gov.au
krg.gov.au/nursery

The nitrogen cycle

This represents one of the most important nutrient cycles found in ecosystems, allowing living things to access the nitrogen that they need to survive.

In a pond, the nitrogen cycle is based on the inter-relationships between organic matter, bacteria, plants and animals. When these elements are in harmony the water in your pond will be clear.

When a pool is first converted into a pond the bacteria are non-existent and therefore the water turns green. The process of this becoming clear can take over 12 months, but as algae begin to grow and in turn feed larger plant and animal life, the process is accelerated.

Aquatic plants are very effective filters. They absorb nutrients and deliver even more oxygen into the water, ensuring a healthy pond ecosystem.

Frogs

Please visit our frogs page for information on local species.

Help from Council

Ku-ring-gai Council provides local residents with native fish, plants and technical assistance to start their pool conversion.

Contact us to learn more or arrange a pond visit by our experts.

9424 0000